The Barnum effect, also known as the Forer effect, is a psychological phenomenon in which individuals perceive vague and general personality descriptions as highly accurate for themselves. This effect explains why people often accept ambiguous feedback from sources like astrology and personality tests, believing it to be tailored to their unique characteristics.
In a famous experiment by psychologist Bertram Forer, students were given the same vague personality description, which included general statements like 'You have a great need for other people to like and admire you.' Most students rated the accuracy of the description highly, illustrating the Barnum effect in action.
To overcome the Barnum effect, individuals should critically evaluate personality feedback and seek specific, evidence-based analyses rather than relying on vague descriptions that could apply to anyone.