The worse-than-average effect, also known as the below-average effect, is the tendency for individuals to underestimate their own achievements and abilities in comparison to others. This cognitive bias occurs in situations where people perceive the chances of success to be very low, leading them to doubt their competencies and traits. The worse-than-average effect stands in contrast to the more common better-than-average effect, where individuals overestimate their abilities. It is often linked to psychological mechanisms such as self-handicapping and the regression fallacy, influencing how people evaluate themselves and their potential.
For instance, a student might believe they are below average in math skills compared to their classmates, even if their performance is objectively above average, reflecting the worse-than-average effect in academic self-assessment.
To overcome this cognitive bias, individuals can seek objective feedback from trusted peers or mentors regarding their skills and abilities, helping to provide a more accurate self-assessment.